Економічні аспекти проектів на основі Інтернету речей
Джейхун Рахімов, Ельшан Рахімов, Айдін Насірзаде, Полад ЮсіфліМетою цього дослідження було вивчити, як впровадження технологій Інтернету речей (IoT) впливає на економічні показники, оцінивши їхній вплив на ефективність, зниження витрат та трансформацію бізнес-процесів. Методологія базувалася на теоретичному аналізі наукових джерел, контент-аналізі технічних описів, порівняльній оцінці корпоративних кейсів та галузевих аналітичних підходах. Результати показали, що IoT забезпечує істотне та стабільне підвищення ефективності в усіх секторах. У промисловості цифровізація досягає 57,5 %, ручні дії зменшуються на 40-60 %, а витрати на робочу силу знижуються приблизно на 25 %. Прогнозне технічне обслуговування знижує незаплановані простої на 25-35 % і підвищує продуктивність на 20-30 %. У логістиці інтелектуальне маршрутизування зменшує транспортні витрати на 10-25% і час доставки на 20-25 %. У сільському господарстві дрони та датчики скорочують використання агрохімікатів на 30-45 % і споживання води до 90 %, а врожайність збільшується на 15-30 %. В енергетичному секторі інтелектуальні лічильники зменшують споживання електроенергії на 2,5-3,5 %, а системи Smart Grid зменшують втрати в мережі на 15-25 %. На макрорівні цифрова економіка в країнах Організації економічного співробітництва та розвитку зростала в 2,5 рази швидше, ніж валовий внутрішній продукт, а 10-відсоткове збільшення підключень до Інтернету речей підвищило загальну продуктивність факторів виробництва на 0,23 відсоткових пункти. Дослідження також виявило перешкоди для впровадження, зокрема обмежену сумісність, відсутність стандартів, ризики безпеки, нестачу фахівців, нестабільне регулювання та високі інвестиційні й операційні витрати з невизначеною віддачою. Результати можуть бути застосовані підприємствами та державними установами для підвищення ефективності та оптимізації використання ресурсів
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